<p>The Officer Daryl R. Pierson Memorial Post Office Building is a historic post office building located at East Rochester in Monroe County, New York. It was designed and built 1936-1937, and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, Louis A. Simon. The one story brick building is in the Colonial Revival style and has a roof crowned by a flat topped cupola. The entrance features fluted Doric columns and a blind fanlight with sculpted eagle. The interior once featured a mural titled "Recreation Hours" by Bernard Gussow, but it was removed and stored in the basement.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. In 2015, the post office was named for Daryl Pierson, an East Rochester native and Rochester police officer who was killed in the line of duty the previous year; the building was officially dedicated on June 4, 2016.</p><br>
<p>Richardsons Tavern is a historic Erie Canal inn and tavern located in the hamlet of Bushnells Basin in Perinton, Monroe County, New York. Believed to be the only remaining establishment from the canals earliest years, it dates to about 1818 when it was a stop on the stage coach route along the Irondequoit Valley and Irondequoit Creek, between Rochester and Canandaigua. Several expansions occurred during the 19th century. The tavern operated as a hotel until 1917 when it was converted to four apartments. In 1978, after having been abandoned since 1972, it was converted for use as a restaurant, Richardsons Canal House. The restaurant opened on Valentine&#39;s Day 1979. It has become one of the most noted restaurants in the county, and has even garnered nationwide recognition.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Soldiers Memorial Tower is a historic war memorial located at Brockport in Monroe County, New York. It was built in 1894 and is a commemorative monument to memorialize the town of Swedens Civil War dead and marked the location of a small plot of land set aside for the free interment of local veterans. At one point, the grounds held the remains of more than twenty individuals, though precise records were not kept; all but a few have since been moved to other locations.</p><br>
<p>The round tower originally stood 52 ft tall—though about a quarter of that height has been lost to erosion and damage over time—and is a Medina sandstone structure in the Late Gothic Revival style.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994, by which time it was already in significant disrepair. The listing has been the only lasting result of the effort&mdash;begun around 1960&mdash;to restore the monument, though the event did not serve as the catalyst that supporters had hoped. Fundraising to help restore, or at least stabilize, the structure continued to be extremely weak. In December 2012, the trustees of the Brockport Rural Cemetery Association reached an agreement to transfer the monument and its 17 surrounding acres to the Town of Sweden, which intends to build a firehouse on the site. The Town intends to invest funds to stabilize the structure and make it safer, but it does not have the funds for a full restoration.</p><br>
<p>Ben Cleuch is a hill in Scotland.</p><br>
<p>It is the highest point in the Ochil Hills, and the highest point in Clackmannanshire. It is 721 m high. As the highest point in the Ochils, it is marked by a trig point within a stone windshelter. On a clear day, the views are excellent, particularly those to the north looking towards the Southern Highlands. Ben Lomond, Ben Ledi, Stùc a&#39; Chroin and Ben Vorlich are especially prominent. Looking to the south gives excellent views over the Forth Valley region, the Forth bridges and Edinburgh to the east, Glasgow to the west: almost a coast to coast view but not quite.</p><br>
<h2>Geodesy</h2><br>
<p>Ben Cleuch was the origin (meridian) of the 6 inch and 1:2500 Ordnance Survey maps of the counties of Perth and Clackmannan.</p><br>
<p>The George M. Cannon House, built in 1890, is an historic Late Victorian mansion located at 720 East Ashton Avenue  in the Forest Dale area of Salt Lake City, Utah. It was designed by noted Salt Lake architect John A. Headlund for George Mousley Cannon , a member of the Cannon family, a prominent Intermountain West political family. In 1889 George M. Cannon had bought Forest Farm from the estate of Brigham Young and created the subdivision of Forest Dale and later the larger town of Forest Dale, which existed from 1902 until 1912, when it was reabsorbed into Salt Lake City. Brigham Young’s Forest Farmhouse was moved in 1975 from its location near this house to the This Is The Place Heritage Park for restoration.</p><br>
<p>On July 18, 1983, the George M. Cannon House was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). It is the only separately listed property in the Forest Dale Historic District, which was added to the NRHP on April 23, 2009.</p><br>
<p>Today the George M. Cannon House is the Parrish Place Bed and Breakfast, so called because each of its guest rooms is named for a different Maxfield Parrish painting. Its current owners are Jeff and Karin Gauvin, whose 2006 quest to purchase the house was featured on HGTV&#39;s House Hunters. Reruns of the program have been shown as recently as October 19, 2009.</p><br>
<p>Waconda Lake, also known as Glen Elder Reservoir, is a reservoir in Mitchell County and Osborne County, Kansas, United States. Built and managed by the USA Bureau of Reclamation for flood control and irrigation, it is also used for recreation. Glen Elder State Park is located on its north shore.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prior to the building of Glen Elder Dam, the present-day site of Waconda Lake was the location of Waconda Spring, a natural flowing artesian well. To capitalize on it, the Cawker City Mineral Company opened a resort on the site in 1904. In 1907, G.F. Abraham of Mankato, Kansas converted the resort into a health spa.</p><br>
<p>Part of the Pick–Sloan Missouri Basin Program authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1944, Glen Elder Dam was one of six units in the Smoky Hill River basin specified as necessary for flood control and irrigation. The USA Bureau of Reclamation began purchasing rights-of-way in June 1963 and started constructing the dam and Waconda Lake in November 1964. Despite efforts to preserve Waconda Spring as a national monument, the health spa was torn down, and, in 1968, the spring itself was sealed. Construction finished in January 1969, and the spring was submerged beneath the new reservoir.</p><br>
<p>Finding the Solomon River inadequate as a municipal water supply, the nearby city of Beloit, Kansas successfully requested use of Waconda Lake. In addition, the reservoir went on to provide water to three rural districts. In November 1976, the Kansas State Board of Agriculture approved Glen Elder Irrigation District-No. 8, enabling use of the reservoir for irrigation.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Waconda Lake is located at 39&deg;29&prime;27&Prime;N latitude, 98&deg;22&prime;22&Prime;W longitude (39.4909653, -98.3728538) at an elevation of 1,453 ft.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is impounded at its eastern end by Glen Elder Dam. The dam is located at 39&deg;29&prime;47&Prime;N latitude, 98&deg;18&prime;57&Prime;W longitude (39.4963990, -98.3158893) at an elevation of 1,460 ft. The North Fork Solomon River and South Fork Solomon River are the reservoir&#39;s primary inflows from the west. The Solomon River is its primary outflow to the east. Smaller tributaries, from west to east, include Oak Creek and Granite Creek which flow into the reservoir from the north and Carr Creek, Mill Creek, and Walnut Creek which flow into the reservoir from the south.</p><br>
<p>USA Route 24 and Kansas Highway 9 run concurrently east-west along the reservoirs north shore. Glen Elder Dam Road, a paved county road, runs north-south across the top of the dam. Lake Drive, another paved county road, runs north-south across the reservoirs western end.</p><br>
<p>There are two settlements on Waconda Lake&#39;s north shore: Cawker City at the western end and Glen Elder at the eastern end.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrography</h2><br>
<p>The surface area, surface elevation, and water volume of the reservoir fluctuate based on inflow and local climatic conditions.</p><br>
<p>The streambed underlying the reservoir has an elevation of 1,385 ft. Since the reservoir&#39;s initial flooding, sedimentation has gradually accumulated on the reservoir bottom thus raising its elevation.</p><br>
<h2>Infrastructure</h2><br>
<p>Glen Elder Dam is an earth-fill embankment dam with a structural height of 142 ft tall and length of 15,275 ft. A spillway structure controlled by twelve 50-foot radial gates is located at the south end of the dam. It empties into a channel that joins the Solomon River approximately one mile to the east. A separate outlet works structure at the north end of the dam manages outflow into the river itself.</p><br>
<h2>Management</h2><br>
<p>The USA Bureau of Reclamation operates and maintains both Glen Elder Dam and Waconda Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Parks and recreation</h2><br>
<p>The KDWP operates Glen Elder State Park located on the north shore of the reservoirs eastern end. The park includes a visitors center, a marina, an amphitheater, boat ramps, hiking trails, swimming beaches, camping facilities, and the Waconda Heritage Village.</p><br>
<p>Waconda Lake is open for sport fishing year-round. The lake contains many top fishing spots, such as The Bluffs, The Dam, Granite Creek and the River. More than 12,000 acres of public land is open for hunting.</p><br>
<h3>Points of interest</h3><br>
<p>The Waconda Heritage Village is a living museum in Glen Elder State Park. It features Hopewell Church, which was relocated to the park in 1994, and a full-scale replica of Waconda Spring.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Channel catfish, crappie, flathead catfish, striped bass, walleye, and white bass are fish species resident in Waconda Lake. Game animals living around the reservoir include mule deer, pheasants, quail, turkeys, and whitetail deer. Doves, ducks, and geese migrate through the area seasonally. Bald eagles and golden eagles visit in winter.</p><br>
<p>Potagannissing Bay , meaning "Bay by the Mill Island ") is a shallow, island-strewn bay on Lake Huron in Algoma District, Ontario, Canada and Chippewa County, Michigan, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Potagannissing Bay occupies the site of the rapid melting of a glacier at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation approximately 10,000 years before the present. The melting ice dumped random piles of rock and gravel onto a section of land surface so low-lying that most of it wound up under the surface of the Great Lakes. The bay is currently studded with 53 named islands and innumerable unnamed ones. Few of the islands are permanently inhabited, but many are privately owned with summer cottages built upon them for the use of their owners.</p><br>
<p>The bay&#39;s largest island is Harbor Island, a National Wildlife Refuge since 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>The bay&#39;s largest industries are sport and charter fishing for trophy fish such as bass, northern pike, and salmon; commercial fishing for fish such as lake trout and walleye; and pleasure boating. The innumerable islands of the bay create opportunities for amateur exploring and sightseeing, and a sheltered coastline is rarely far away.</p><br>
<h2>Natural History</h2><br>
<p>The piscatorial opportunities of the bay have drawn a significant population of fish-eating birdlife, including the great blue heron, osprey, and bald eagle.</p><br>
<p>The Hoosick Falls Historic District is located in the downtown section of the village of that name in New York, United States. It is an eight-acre  area concentrated along Church, Classic and John streets  south of the Hoosick River.</p><br>
<p>Most of its 40 buildings remain largely intact from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a period when Hoosick Falls was economically prosperous due to the mills and factories that drew on the river and its power. In 1980 it was recognized as a historic district and added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district is shaped roughly like an upside down letter "L", around the axis of the three streets Route 22 follows through that area of the village. It starts in the south with the properties at 59 and 60 Church Street, a few lots north of Elm Street. Just north of the post office it moves west to take in the properties on the west side of Main Street, then the properties on the east side of Main at the John Street intersection.</p><br>
<p>It continues along the south side of Classic Street to the east line of the properties one lot west of where High Street carries 22 north toward Cambridge. From there it continues north to the river, then west along its bank to Church Street. At Classic it extends westward to include the properties on the west side, and then returns to where it began.</p><br>
<p>In this area there are 40 buildings. Many are commercial or mixed-use multistory structures dating from the 1880s to the 1920s. Only one is a modern intrusion. Most are in the predominant styles of their era, primarily Italianate and Second Empire, with a few Georgian Revival structures from the 20th century. The few residences are mostly in the Stick-Eastlake style of the late 19th century. Open space consists of a few vacant lots and one parking lot.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hoosick Falls was first settled by two men from Connecticut just before the Revolutionary War. After the war, they built a gristmill on the river and the first bridge. In 1827, a half-century after its founding, the settlement was incorporated as a village.</p><br>
<p>Other entrepreneurs from New England came to the village to set up textile mills along the river as well. The most prominent manufacturer in the village, Walter A. Wood, came in 1836. He patented a mower 17 years later, in 1853, and began manufacturing both mowers and reapers. After the Civil War, his company, the Walter A. Wood Mowing and Reaping Machine Manufactory, moved into an old cotton factory on the north side of the Hoosick. Four years later a new facuility had to be built.</p><br>
<p>Woods company became the worlds leading manufacturer in its product line by the end of the century. At its peak it employed 2,000 local residents, and Wood served two terms as a member of the House of Representatives for the district. He built the large three-story Wood Block, which dominates downtown Hoosick Falls. The company eventually closed in 1924 after competition from John Deere&#39;s motorized equipment, fires and other means of generating power for business made it less profitable.</p><br>
<p>Whiteside, Barnett and Co. Agricultural Works, also known as Canal-Front Warehouse, is a historic factory and warehouse complex located at Brockport in Monroe County, New York. It is a largely intact and rare surviving example of the brownstone industrial building that once lined the banks of the Erie Canal at Brockport. It is also the only surviving building related to the local reaper manufacturing industry. The existing buildings were built between 1850 and 1852 for the Agricultural Works in Brockport, later known as Whiteside, Barnett and Co. The property was later used as a lumberyard from about 1880 to 1904 and as a cannery until 1945.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001. Red Hook, Brooklyn developer Greg O&#39;Connell, who had recently revitalized the business district of Mount Morris, New York, expressed an interest in the property in early 2014, feeling that it could spark a similar revitalization in Brockport. A local craft brewery, Stoneyard Brewing Company, is buying the property as of October 2016, with plans to convert it into an inn near its existing brewery and pub.</p><br>
<p>Chandrashila is summit of the Tungnath. It literally means "Moon Rock".</p><br>
<p>It is located at a height of about 4,000 m above sea level. This peak provides a spectacular view of Himalayas,especially Nandadevi, Trisul, Kedar Peak, Bandarpunch and Chaukhamba peaks. There are various legends associated with this place. According to one of the popular legend, this is the place where Lord Rama meditated after defeating the demon-king Ravana.Another legend says that moon-god Chandra spent time here in penance.The Beauty of Chandrashila is Incredible.It is an impressive vantage point that offers 360 degrees panoramic views of the mighty Himalayas.This is a beautiful trek, with difficulty level rated as easy to moderate.</p><br>
<h2>Accessibility</h2><br>
<p>Bus can be directly taken up to Ukhimath or Gopeshwar from Haridwar or Dehradun which takes about 10 hours to reach from there</p><br>
<p>to Chopta hiring a jeep or shared basis.</p><br>
<p>Chopta is well connected by motorable roads with major towns of Garhwal region of Uttarakhand state. Follow NH58 until you reach Rudraprayag and after reaching Rudraprayag follow the route to Kedarnath and take right turn to Ukhimath. Chopta is situated 29 km from Ukhimath. Chopta is also accessible from Gopeshwar. Buses and taxis to Chopta are available from major towns of Uttarakhand region.</p><br>
<p>By Rail: The nearest railhead to Chopta is Rishikesh situated 209 km away. Rishikesh is well connected by railway networks with major cities of India. Buses and Taxis to Chopta and Ukhimath are easily available from Rishikesh.</p><br>
<p>By Air: Jolly Grant Airport is the nearest Airport of Chopta, situated 226 km away in Dehradun district of Uttarakhand state. The remaining journey has to be covered ether in a taxi or in a bus. Taxis are easily available to Rishikesh, Rudraprayag, Ukhimath and Chopta from Jolly Grant Airport.</p><br>
<p>Another possible route is through Haridwar, Rudraprayag then Ukhimath finally to Chopta.</p><br>
<h2>Chopta distance chart</h2><br>
<p>Ukhimath to Chopta – 29 km</p><br>
<p>Delhi to Chopta – 451 km</p><br>
<p>Meerut to Chopta – 368 km</p><br>
<p>Rishikesh to Chopta – 209 km</p><br>
<p>Haridwar to Chopta – 225 km</p><br>
<p>Pauri to Chopta – 126 km</p><br>
<p>Dehradun to Chopta – 246 km</p><br>
<p>Mussoorie to Chopta – 212 km</p><br>
<p>Devprayag to Chopta – 130 km</p><br>
<p>Tehri Garhwal to Chopta – 151 km</p><br>
<p>Kotdwar to Chopta – 229 km</p><br>
<p>Joshimath to Chopta – 92 km</p><br>
<p>Srinagar to Chopta – 96 km</p><br>
<p>Kedarnath to Chopta – 64 km</p><br>
<p>Rudraprayag to Chopta – 63 km</p><br>
<p>Gopeshwar to Chopta – 41 km</p><br>
<p>Badrinath to Chopta – 136 km</p><br>
<p>From Chopta it is a 6 km trek.</p><br>
<h2>Trekking</h2><br>
<p>Chandrashila treks are one of the most popular treks among Indian trekking enthusiasts. The trek to the peak is 5 km. The trek route that starts from Chopta takes one to Tungnath (highest Shiva temple in the World), from here it is a kilometer long, and a steep trek. Though shorter in distance, steep climbing makes this trek rigorous.</p><br>
<p>This trek is undertaken throughout the year although during winter season due to snowfall this trek becomes hard as road to Chopta gets closed. Trekkers use a different route during this period (Deoria Tal - Duggalbitta - Tungnath - Chandrashila).</p><br>
<p>The Texas Technological College Historic District is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places on the campus of Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas. The 110 acre district is made up of 27 contributing properties, 4 non-contributing properties, 1 contributing structure, 1 contributing object, and 1 contributing site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h2>Boundaries</h2><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h2>Properties</h2><br>
<h3>Former buildings</h3><br>
<p>Several buildings from the original 1920s construction period have been demolished including the original Bookstore (pre-existing when the campus land was purchased for the college), the 1925 Cafeteria (which became the book store in 1930 and was consumed by 1950s construction enlarging the store), the 1926 Agriculture Building (known as the Speech Building by 1942 and as the Speech Laboratory Theater by 1964, demolished 1983), the 1926 Athletic Field House and Assembly Hall (later known as the Gymnasium, demolished 1984), the 1926 Textile Engineering Annex (later known as Mechanical Engineering Shops), the 1927 Poultry Plant, and several green houses, frame sheds, pens, fences, and other small buildings associated with the agricultural area of campus.</p><br>
<p>The McPhail Angus Farm is a farm at 320 Coyote Trail near Seneca, South Carolina in Oconee County. It is also known as the Tokena Angus Farm. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district on November 7, 2007. It was named because of its significance to the transition from a nineteenth-century cotton farm to a twentieth-century, Upstate, cattle farm.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John Augustus McPhail (1876–1961) purchased the original 150 acre farm in 1902. The property is believed to be a portion of the Revolutionary War patriot Samuel Earle&#39;s Beaverdam Plantation. Additional parcels were acquired to give the farm 468 acre by 1931.</p><br>
<p>Walter Hoolu McPail (1901–1979), the eldest son, was born in Sandy Springs, South Carolina and moved to the farm in 1902. He went to elementary school at Tokeena School No. 1, which is now on the farm property. He attended Townville High School. Walter McPhail&#39;s purchase of a heifer when he was eight years old began his lifelong interest in cattle. Although he started at nearby Clemson College, he came home in the spring for cotton planting.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1920s, the price of cotton dropped significantly due to overproduction and the Wall Street Crash of 1929. Many left the farm for textile mill villages and temporary work with the Works Progress Administration or other New Deal public works projects. Many farms dependent on cotton were in financial trouble.</p><br>
<p>In 1936, W.H. McPhail purchased his first registered Angus cows. This led to the development of one of the first black Angus herds in South Carolina. In 1939, he planted fescue grass using seed from an Anderson County test plot to provide cool weather pastures for his cattle. Eventually fescue was grown for both cattle feed and as a seed crop. Thus, in the course of generation, the farm made the transition from being a cotton farm to a cattle and seed production farm.</p><br>
<p>The farm has been named a South Carolina Century Farm by the Pendleton District Commission. Its Angus herd has been named a National Historic Herd by the American Angus Association.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the farm had 249 acre including 194 acre in the historic district.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>There are eight contributing properties that define the historic and architectural nature of the McPhail Angus Farm. Since this is a working farm, there are additional non-contributing structures that are more recent additions and changes to the farm.</p><br>
<h3>John A. McPhail House</h3><br>
<p>The John A. McPhail House was constructed about 1943. It is a one-story brick house on a poured concrete foundation. The door and window casings are unfinished pine boards sawn from trees harvested on the farm. The house was modified in the 1950s with a new entrance door for a beauty shop. This door was replaced in the 1990s with a French door. Another front entrance was added around 1962 and replaced in 2000. In 2007, the house was still occupied.</p><br>
<h3>Jack Robinson tenant house</h3><br>
<p>This is one-story, wood board and batten house that was built around 1890. It rests on stacked rocks. The house has no interior wall covering. Although it now has windows, it probably just had openings that may have been covered with parchment or oiled rawhide. It has two rooms and a central brick fireplace. The ceilings, most of the interior walls, and the chimney are whitewashed.</p><br>
<h3>Norris tenant house</h3><br>
<p>This is similar board and batten house. The interior walls are largely covered with bead board panels. Some the panels are whitewashed. Others and the ceiling are natural brown. The house has four square rooms and a wide porch across the width of the house. The brick fireplace is whitewashed up to the level of the mantel.</p><br>
<h3>Mule/cattle barn</h3><br>
<p>This barn was probably built around 1886. Originally, it had unpainted clapboard siding with a metal roof. In its early days, the barn housed mules used on the cotton farm. The top floors of the barns were used for storing hay. In the early 1940s, a new section was added for the farm&#39;s cattle. Some mule stalls were replaced with feeding troughs. In 1968, the siding was replaced with flush poplar boards, which were painted red. In the early 1990s, the roof was coated with tar.</p><br>
<h3>Fertilizer/truck shed</h3><br>
<p>This frame shed was probably built around 1900. Its first purpose was for the storage of cotton by the sharecropper families prior to ginning and for the storage of commercial guano fertilizer. Later it was used for farm trucks. It was constructed of wood with a metal roof. The exterior was whitewashed. After the roof collapsed in the early 1960s due to heavy snow, the shed was reconstructed. Side sheds were added for additional farm trucks. As of 2007, the shed was still used for storing farm trucks and equipment.</p><br>
<h3>Corn crib</h3><br>
<p>This wooded corn crib with clapboard siding and a metal roof was built around 1900. Corn shucks were stored on the ground floor. Oats for the mules were stored in the upper level.</p><br>
<h3>Chicken coop</h3><br>
<p>This frame chicken coop has clapboard siding and a metal roof. It has an open covered side. The open part had nest boxes. The enclosed part was for newly hatched chicks. This had a wood-fired heater to keep the chicks warm until they grew feathers. The former chicken coop is now used for equipment storage.</p><br>
<h3>Terraced agricultural fields</h3><br>
<p>The terraced fields were constructed when the land was used for cotton. Now they are planted with fescue, clover, and Bermuda grass for the cattle. The terraces follow the natural contours of the hills to prevent soil erosion. The original fences were woven wire with a strand of barbed wire on the top. Ford Model T body rails were used for corner posts. Many of these have been replaced recently.</p><br>
<h3>Non-contributing structures</h3><br>
<p>Being a working farm, there are modern structures built in the 1960s or later. A large flat top barn was built on the foundations of Tokeena School No. 1, which was later used as the Walter H. McPhail house.</p><br>
<p>Baumanns Cave  is, like nearby Hermanns Cave, a show cave in Rübeland in the district of Harz and is Germany&#39;s oldest show cave.</p><br>
<p>The grotto was formed in the Devonian limestone of the Elbingerode Complex at least since the Bode Valley was being shaped. The cave has been visited by man since the Stone Age and not first discovered in 1536 as many written accounts suggest. The year of discovery in 1536 in combination with the tale of the miner, Baumann, who is supposed to have discovered the cave, are part of a false story dating back to Nazi times when a politically suitable jubilee date was being sought.</p><br>
<p>The cave is frequently mentioned in the early scientific and travel literature as it has been open to the public with guided tours since 1649 when Valentin Wagner was installed as first cave guide. Baumanns Cave is probably the oldest regularly frequented and guided show cave, at least in Germany. Amongst its most famous visitors was Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. The caves biggest chamber, the Goethesaal, is named after him and is fitted with seats and a stage for concerts and plays.</p><br>
<p>The cave was sealed off from an early date so that its rich display of stalactites and stalagmites has been largely preserved. The cave is particularly famous for, amongst other things, the numerous bones of cave bears that have been found there.</p><br>
<p>Rochester Savings Bank is a historic bank building located at Rochester in Monroe County, New York. It is a four story, "V" shaped structure, sheathed in Kato stone from Minnesota. It was designed by McKim, Mead and White and built in 1927 to house the Rochester Savings Bank. The building&#39;s banking room interior features murals painted by noted artist Ezra Winter.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, the building was acquired by a group called Rochester Historic Ventures, which then set out to seek occupants that would allow the building to return to public use.</p><br>
<p>In October 2012, Rochester Institute of Technology announced the creation of a Center for Urban Entrepreneurship, to be housed in the Rochester Savings Bank building. The university plans to ultimately spend $3&ndash;5 million on renovations, eventually resulting in a multidisciplinary center and multiuse venue for RIT students.</p><br>
<p>In 2016 after a lengthy renovation of the building Center for Urban Entrepreneurship by RIT opened in the building.</p><br>
<p>Rochester Savings Bank side entrance.jpgService entrance on the west side of the bank</p><br>
<p>The Granite Building is a historic department store building located at 124 East Main Street in Rochester, Monroe County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by J. Foster Warner in 1893 and, at 12 stories with 23 acre of floor space, was the citys first skeletal steel skyscraper. Its facade is a mix of Second Renaissance Revival style and Beaux-Arts style classical details. It is characterized by recessed, monumental, four story granite columns supporting recessed arches. It was built by Sibley, Lindsay & Curr Company and served as their flagship store until the "Sibley fire" of 1904, when the flagship moved to the Sibleys, Lindsay and Curr Building.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 11, 1984.</p><br>
<p>Jichu Drake  is a mountain in the Himalayas, and a companion peak to Mount Jomolhari. Its height is given variously as 6714m, 6789m, 6797m, 6970m or 6989m by various sources. Jitchu Drake has a double summit, with the lower summit to the south.</p><br>
<p>Jitchu Drakye is the Tutelary deity of Paro and its environs.</p><br>
<p>It is also known as Kungphu or Ts(h)erim Kang, Shumkang, Jichi Dak Keth (meaning ‘sparrow rock sound’), Tseringegang or Tsheringme Gang (snows of the goddess of long life.</p><br>
<p>A local story is that the double peak originated because Jitch Drake teased a young girl while she was weaving, resulting in her hitting Jitchu Drake on the head with the tham (the piece of wood used to beat a new line of weft weaved), producing the double peak.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing history</h2><br>
<p>The south summit was first climbed by the Austrian expedition of Werner Sucher, Albert Egger, Alois Stuckler, Sepp Mayerl and Toni Ponholzer in May 1983. The first ascent of the higher North summit was in May 1988 by Sharu Prabhu from India, Doug Scott and Victor Saunders from the UK via the south face.</p><br>
<p>The Italian climbers Giorgio Corradini and Tiziano Nannuzzi were killed during an attempt on the North summit in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Browncroft Historic District is a national historic district located in the Browncroft Neighborhood of Rochester, New York. The district contains 518 contributing buildings, two contributing sites, two contributing objects, and two contributing structures over 116 acres.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhoods original developer, Charles J. Brown, former president of the National Nurserymens Association, gave it its name. It was declared a National Historic District and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. The district is "recognized for the architectural integrity of the homes, a landscape design that features uniform plantings of flowering shrubs and shade trees, and its role in the development of Rochester."</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The historic district includes only certain designated properties located in a subsection of the neighborhood approximately circumscribed by Browncroft Boulevard on the North, Newcastle Road on the east, Blossom Road on the south, and Winton Road on the west.</p><br>
<p>Unofficial landmarks within the historic district include:</p><br>
<p>Two of the development&#39;s original wrought iron street signposts (Located at the corner of Ramsey Park and Corwin Road (43.155960&deg; latitude, -77.548040&deg; longitude) and at the corner of Windemere and Newcastle Roads (43.155360&deg; latitude, -77.541980&deg; longitude)).</p><br>
<p>The house at 273 Dorchester Road (43.154210&deg; latitude, -77.542730&deg; longitude) which contains columns from the original nursery office before its demolition.</p><br>
<p>The house at 540 North Winton Road (43.15577&deg; latitude, -77.54910&deg; longitude), the original farmhouse of Steven M. Corwin, which later served as Brown&#39;s home.</p><br>
<p>StevenMCorwinHome.JPGThe Steven M. Corwin Home at 540 North Winton Road</p><br>
<p>10-22-30RamseyParkRochesterNewYork.JPG10, 22 and 30 Ramsey Park</p><br>
<p>40RamseyParkRochesterNewYork.JPG40 Ramsey Park</p><br>
<p>60RamseyParkRochesterNewYork.JPG60 Ramsey Park</p><br>
<p>76-80RamseyParkRochesterNewYork.JPG76-80 Ramsey Park</p><br>
<p>The Benjamin Bosworth House is a historic house on John Perry Road in Eastford, Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>The Benjamin Bosworth house was built between 1791 and 1801 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. Benjamin Bosworth was a bachelor who owned a number of local farms. He hired area craftsman and architect Vinni Goodell to construct the home. The third floor of the single-family residence was a Masonic Lodge, where two fireplaces and built-in benches remain intact. The house is also unusual for its monitor roof, a rarity in Federal period construction. The current owners are the fourth family to occupy the home.</p><br>
<p>Eleven fireplaces, five bedrooms, five bathrooms, one (former) Masonic Lodge, one living room, one dining room, two great halls, a front parlor, office, workshop, kitchen, pantry, and laundry room are contained in the home. A precariously-placed barn is also located on the property.</p><br>
<p>The original curved staircase in the south-facing entry was removed and auctioned off shortly after the Great Depression. Hard-carved wood paneling in the Front Parlor was allegedly solicited by the Henry Ford museum for removal but remains intact to date. Recent owners have been carefully renovating the building since 2002 and emulating the original conditions based on archival research and examined findings within the home.</p><br>
<p>The Matthew Bowen Homestead, also once known as the Plaine Hill Farm, is a historic house at 94 Plaine Hill Road in Woodstock, Connecticut. It is now the Inn at Woodstock. It consists of a five-building farm complex on 14.3 acre of land, located southwest of Woodstock Hill. The main house of the complex is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, six bays wide, with a tall hip roof. It was built in 1816, and underwent two major periods of alteration before achieving its present configuration. Originally five bays wide, Victorian porches and a turret were added in the 1880s, but largely removed in the late 1920s, at which time it was extended to six bays. The house is connected to 19th-century farm buildings, including two barns and a carriage house. A 1930s vintage Cape house stands at a remove from the main complex. The property was for many years associated with the locally prominent Bowen family, who also owned the National Historic Landmark Roseland Cottage in Woodstock Hill.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Church Farm is a historic former farm at 396 Mansfield Road in Ashford, Connecticut. The farm complex includes a hip-roofed Federal style house, built in 1821, but with a c. 1791 ell attached, and a c. 1930 Colonial Revival front portico. Outbuildings include an 1895 barn, and an old woodshed and privy of uncertain age. The house is a remarkably elegant Federal structure for a relatively remote rural location, and reflects trends in agriculture including its construction by Zalmon Aspinwall, and its conversion to a gentleman&#39;s farm late in the 19th century by John W. Church.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It is now the Church Center of Eastern Connecticut State University.</p><br>
<p>The Capt. John Clark House is a historic house on the south side of Route 169, south of Canterbury, Connecticut. It is a two story wood frame structure, built in a locally distinctive style known as the "Canterbury style". It is distinguished by a hip roof, and entrances on two facades  both of which are framed by elegant woodwork. The building corners are pilasters, its cornice and rake line are modillioned, and its western entry is sheltered by a portico supported by Doric columns. The house appears to be an elaborate expansion of an older structure by Captain John Clark, a former ship&#39;s captain who made a local reputation as a builder of elegant houses, including the nearby Prudence Crandall House.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<p>The Dorrance Inn, also known as the Samuel Dorrance House, is a historic inn at 748 Plainfield Pike in Sterling, Connecticut. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof and a large central chimney. The oldest portion of the house, consisting of the eastern three bays, was built c. 1722. The eastern bays were added later, but do not extend the full depth of the house. Greek Revival treatments were added to the front door and house corners in the 19th century. The inn is notable as a place that hosted officers of the French Army in 1781 and 1782, as it was along the march route taken by French commander Rochambeaus troops en route to Yorktown, Virginia. Dorrances Inn is one of a few places mentioned by name in multiple accounts written by French officers.</p><br>
<p>The building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 2002. It is also a contributing building in the Sterling Hill Historic District, NRHP-listed in 1986, and it is one of the sites along the 3.6 mi NRHP-listed linear historic district, March Route of Rochambeau&#39;s Army: Plainville Pike.</p><br>
<p>March Route of Rochambeaus Army: Manship Road-Barstow Road is a historic site in Canterbury, Connecticut that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003, for its evocation of the march route French commander Rochambeaus troops in 1781 and in 1782.</p><br>
<p>It is significant as a preserved section of the march route which, in this area, is followed by what is now Connecticut Route 14. This section, however, is a bypassed loop of road, cut off by a road realignment in the 1930s, and therefore without traffic and not modernized. The section is approximately 1,400 feet of bypassed loop of road, on the north side of the main road, along Manship Road and Barstow Road, starting from a junction of the loop with Manship Road and running to Westminster Road. It is paved road about 20 feet wide, plus a margin to stone walls lining the road. The designated area is about 50 to 55 feet wide, extending to the walls. The National Register nomination of 2001 includes six photos of narrow roadway, stone walls, and the one house along this section. The house is itself historical, dating from about the 1840s, and adds rather than detracts from the historical feel.</p><br>
<p>Rochambeau&#39;s troops marched through here in June, 1781, and found the road along this general area to be the most difficult along their whole journey. Although the road has been paved, the visual appearance is still evocative of passage of troops.</p><br>
<p>Other preserved sections of the route nearby include March Route of Rochambeaus Army: Old Canterbury Road (about 2 mi to the east, along Route 14 through Canterbury then straight on 14A, Canterbury Road) and March Route of Rochambeaus Army: Palmer Road (an approximately 2,000 ft stretch about 3 mi to the west along Route 14).</p><br>
<p>Multiple other properties whose association with Rochambeau&#39;s route is known were also considered for listing on the National Register in a 2001 study.</p><br>
<p>March Route of Rochambeaus Army: Old Canterbury Road is a historic site in Plainfield, Connecticut along the 1781 and/or 1782 march routes of Rochambeaus army. It includes a stretch of what is now Old Canterbury Road and a stretch of Canterbury Road . It is a 2 acre site that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>This particular segment of the route was deemed historically significant in 2002 "because it allows one to imagine the appearance of the Connecticut countryside--the cultivated fields, woods, stone walls, and narrow, windy roads--that the French army encountered as it made its way to and from the Battle of Yorktown, the engagement that decided the outcome of the American Revolution". It was traversed by Rochambeau&#39;s troops in June 1781 on their way to Virginia, and again in November 1782, on their return to Rhode Island.</p><br>
<p>Part of the site is a "narrow, curving paved road", with a border of shrubs and vines and stone walls along much of its length. A stand of mature Sugar Maple trees gives shade to a portion of the site. Houses along the section are more modern than the 1781-82 era, but are set back far enough so as not to interfere with the evocation of Rochambeau&#39;s marching troops.</p><br>
<p>At the east end of the segment, stone walls are preserved on both sides of the road, and, as of 2002, "there are expansive views of plowed fields and pasture both to the north and to the south".</p><br>
<p>The passage of the French army along this route is documented by period route map drawn by French military engineer Louis-Alexandre Berthier, republished by Rice and Brown in 1972 and reproduced in the 2002 NRHP nomination document.</p><br>
<p>It&#39;s one of multiple historic sites associated with the Rochambeau march route whose NRHP listing eligibility was defined by a multiple property study in 2001.</p><br>
<p>March Route of Rochambeau&#39;s Army: Palmer Road is a linear historic district running about 2,000 ft along Palmer Road  from its intersection with Miller Road east to a point 800 feet from the junction with Pudding Hill Road in Scotland, Connecticut. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>It is along the march route taken by French commander Rochambeau&#39;s troops in 1781 and again during their return march in 1782. It was a narrow, steep, stony road then. Now, it has expansive views of farmland.</p><br>
<p>The French troops, with artillery and wagons, reportedly found the marching difficult in this segment, though easier after the included hill. It was reportedly viewed by the French as "a narrow, steep, and stony road" in this segment (per Rice and Brown, 1972, p. 23, cited in NRHP document).</p><br>
<p>The modern road is paved, but the hilly, winding nature of the road, and remnants of stone walls, and other elements evoke the experience of the French troops in this section.</p><br>
<p>To the east about 3 mi along Route 14 is March Route of Rochambeaus Army: Manship Road-Barstow Road, another preserved section of the march route, a 1,400 ft stretch along a bypass of Route 14. Multiple other properties whose association with Rochambeaus route is known were also considered for listing on the National Register in a study.</p><br>
<p>March Route of Rochambeaus Army: Plainfield Pike is a 3.6 mile-long road segment in Plainfield and Sterling, Connecticut which forms a portion of the historic march route of Comte de Rochambeaus army in June 1781 on its way to Yorktown, Virginia, and again of the returning army in November 1782. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 2003.</p><br>
<p>It is a linear historic district consisting of a portion of Connecticut Route 14A, locally known as Plainfield Pike, which is level in the eastern part but generally hilly with curves. Along the route is open land of pasture and cornfields, wooded areas, and streams, including Ekonk Brook. It is bordered on both sides by stone walls about 50 feet apart for most of the way. As of 2002, the walls were clearly visible at some times of the year, although overgrown in places, but difficult to see in the summer. The only concentration of houses as of 2002 was of 18th- and 19th-century houses in the Sterling Hill Historic District section. The segment includes views of farm fields and other countryside suggestive of how the land would have appeared in 1781 and 1782 for the troops marching through, including views west to ridges on the west side of the Quinebaug River valley. According to the NRHP nomination for the district:</p><br>
<p>Although it is now a paved state highway, the road retains its narrow, hilly, winding character, and for most of its length, the characteristic borders of stone walls remain in place. This is the longest continuous portion of the route to survive with these physical attributes intact. This is also the only portion of the route that still offers repeated vistas of distant ridges (). Elsewhere, the route has been too affected by re-forestation to allow such views.</p><br>
<p>The area listed is the roadway owned by the Connecticut State Department of Transportation, and not the adjacent properties. In 1781, the roadway was poor, at least to the east of the hamlet of Plainfield just east of the listed district, and it caused difficulty for the artillery and baggage trains making their way to Plainfield from their second camp near Watermans Tavern in Rhode Island. Frenchman Clermont-Crevecoeurs journal recorded: "very bad roads. The artillery and the supply wagons arrived very late". Von Closen agreed, "The roads were still very bad", as did du Bourg: "The roads still quite bad, many stragglers".</p><br>
<p>There are multiple other properties associated with Rochambeau&#39;s route that were also considered for listing on the National Register in a 2001 study.</p><br>
<p>The Mixer Tavern is a historic tavern, now a private residence, at 14 Westford Road in Ashford, Connecticut. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof and center chimney. It is set at the northeast corner of Pompey Hollow Road and United States Route 44, and faces Pompey Hollow Road behind a thick screen of trees. Additions extend the size an additional two bays to the west, and also to the rear. The oldest portions of the building are traditionally dated to 1710, when John Mixer purchased the property , and applied for a license to operate a tavern. In addition to well-preserved vernacular 18th-century architecture , it is the only known tavern to operate in what is now Ashford for many years. It underwent a significant restoration effort in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Hezekiah S. Ramsdell Farm was a historic farm in Thompson, Connecticut. It was located on what was once known as Ramsdell Road, but is now a hiking trail on the lands surrounding West Thompson Reservoir. The property was made famous by a standoff between the United States Army Corps of Engineers  and Alice Ramsdell, the feisty owner of the property who refused to leave after USACE acquired it by eminent domain as part of a flood control project. The dispute, highlighted by an incident in which Mrs. Ramsdell met government officials holding a shotgun, was ended when the government acquiesced to her demand to stay on the property.</p><br>
<p>The farm was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. Following the death of Alice Ramsdell in 1995, the USACE announced plans to demolish the farm. The buildings were rescued and moved to a nearby farm on County Home Road. The original farm site is now accessible via a hiking trail.</p><br>
<p>The Sumner-Carpenter House is a historic house at 333 Old Colony Road in Eastford, Connecticut. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, consisting of a main block and a series of additions. The main block has a hipped roof, with a side gable-roofed ell, apparently built either with or not long after the main block, with a gable roof, and a c. 1900 two story gable-roofed wing to the rear. The house was built c. 1806, probably by Vini Goodell who also built the Benjamin Bosworth House, for John Newton Sumner. It is a well-preserved local example of a rural Federal period residence, augmented by a modest collection of Colonial Revival outbuildings.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Union Society of Phoenixville House  is a historic community building at 4 Hartford Turnpike in Eastford, Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>The village of Phoenixville is within the town of Eastford, and the Union Society of Phoenixville House is located at the junction of State Highway 198 and USA Route 44. It is a rectangular wood frame structure, three bays wide, with a side gable roof and a granite foundation. It has two entrances, one in the center bay of the east-facing facade, and another in the south facade, in a projecting gabled vestibule. It was built in 1806, but spent many years as a Sunday School and social meeting space. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Mill owner Smith Snow built the house as a wedding gift for his wife. In the mid-1800s, a national Union Society movement swept the United States as an effort to teach children to read during Sunday School. At that time, many children worked 6 and 7 days a week and received no education. They were considered "lost souls." The Union Society of Phoenixville gathered on Sundays at various homes. The Union Society of Phoenixville House was one of the homes that welcomed everyone who wished to participate, regardless of age, gender, social status, spiritual beliefs, or ethnic origin. The formal Union Society of Phoenixville incorporated in 1906 with the mission of providing morally uplifting activities for children and families. In addition to the weekly Sunday School, many village gatherings happened in this building. These included pot luck suppers, wild game suppers, card games such as dominoes and whist, fundraising oyster suppers for the volunteer fire company, and holiday parties celebrating Easter, July 4, Halloween and Christmas. In 1918, 87 children received gifts at Christmas from the Union Society. The traditional gifts were an orange and a box of hard candy, but needy children often received a small piece of jewelry, a game or puzzle. Youngsters played croquet in a section of the yard surrounded by the foundation walls of a former barn. Starting in the late 1920s, the croquet court was lighted at night by electricity generated by a nearby mill that waw owned by John Smith, who, with wife Edith Wheaton Smith, lived in an adjacent house. Through the 1950s, children played croquet on the croquet court. When the Sunday School children reached the age of 12, they were urged to memorize the 10 Commandments, and when they could recite these Biblical laws, each child received a King James Bible. One of these Bibles has been donated by Mary Jezierski, who received her Bible in 1937. Mary was a resident of the adjacent town of Ashford, and was one of several children who were transported to the building for Sunday School. All were welcome. Activities continued at the property until the year 2000. In 2002, due to dwindling membership and maintenance challenges, the building was sold to the Town of Eastford. Currently it is undergoing renovations with the objective of reopening it for public use. The building is listed on the State and National Registers of Historic Places due to its contributions to the cultural heritage of the region. It is one of only two Union Society buildings still standing in Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>The Woodstock Academy Classroom Building is a historic school building on Academy Road in the Woodstock Hill village of Woodstock, Connecticut. Built in 1873, it is the oldest standing building on the campus of the Woodstock Academy, which was founded in 1801. It is a three story wood frame structure stands impressively overlooking the Woodstock Green. It is nine bays wide, with the middle three projecting outward. The building is capped by a two-stage belltower. There is also a pool on the fourth floor of the building. It was built after a fundraising campaign by New York businessman Henry C. Bowen, whose summer residence, the Roseland Cottage, also faces the green.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Witter House is a historic house on Chaplin Street in Chaplin, Connecticut. Built in 1820-21, the 2-1/2 story brick structure is a late example of Georgian architecture. It is five bays wide, with paired chimneys at the ends of the hip roof. The centered entrance is flanked by arched sidelight windows, and has a fanlight above. The fanlight detail is echoed by semi-elliptical fan louvers above each window. The roof has a monitor section at its center, an unusual feature not normally found in New England houses of the period. The house was owned by three generations of medical doctors all named Oren Witter, and was sold by the last one in 1960 to another doctor.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<p>Willimantic Armory is a historic armory building on Pleasant Street in Windham, Connecticut. It served the Connecticut National Guard from 1913 until 1980 when the building was sold to developers who converted the building into apartments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1909, officials from the city of Willimantic requested funding for a modern armory from the Connecticut General Assembly. Opposition by a few senators were concerned with the scope of military construction was overridden by supporters and the bill passed - allocating $50,000 to construct a single company armory. A 300 foot by 160 foot lot was purchased from Samuel Chesbro for $6,500 and the architectural firm of Whiton & McMahon was awarded the contract to design the building and the builder F. D. Kent received $32,405 for the construction.</p><br>
<p>The armory was home to Company B, 169th Infantry until the 1960s when it was replaced by the 248th Engineer Company. The armory remained the home of the 248th until it closed in the late 1970s when a new armory in Norwich, Connecticut was constructed and the unit transferred.</p><br>
<p>The Willimantic Armory was closed and sold to developers who converted the building into apartments while refurbishing and preserving the exterior of the building. Renovation of the interior eliminated most traces of the original design.</p><br>
<p>The armory was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Characteristics</h2><br>
<p>The Willimantic Armory consisted of two distinct elements, both of red-brick construction. The head house was a two-story, flat-roofed structure surmounted by a high parapet and a blocky tower. The drill shed was a -story gable-roofed structure in the rear of the head house.</p><br>
<p>The Ridgebury Congregational Church is a historic church on Ridgebury Road and George Washington Highway in the Ridgebury section of Ridgefield, Connecticut. It is a member church of the United Church of Christ. It is a small wood frame Greek Revival structure, built about 1851 on an older foundation. Its main facade has a single centered entrance, flanked by tall windows. The entry is framed by pilasters and an entablature with cornice. The building&#39;s corners are also pilastered, with an entablature extending around the building below the roof line. A two-stage square tower rises above the entrance, topped with a parapet and pinnacles at the corners.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Protestant Episcopal Church is a historic church located at 628 Main Street in Stamford, Connecticut. The church is an English Gothic Revival structure, built in 1891 to a design by William Potter. It has buttressed stone construction, with a compound-arch entry and a large rose stained-glass window. The associated parish house, also a Gothic Victorian structure, was designed by Richard Upjohn and built in 1869-72.</p><br>
<h2>Rectors</h2><br>
<p>The position of rector of St. John&#39;s Church has been in effect since 1748.</p><br>
<p>Ebeneezer Dibblee 1748-1799</p><br>
<p>Jonathan Judd 1812-1822</p><br>
<p>Ambrose Seymour Todd 1823-1861</p><br>
<p>Walter Mitchell 1861-1866</p><br>
<p>William Tatlock 1866-1896</p><br>
<p>Charles Morris Addison 1897-1919</p><br>
<p>Gerald A. Cunningham 1920-1942</p><br>
<p>Stanley F. Hemsley 1942-1974</p><br>
<p>Douglas E. Theuner 1974-1986</p><br>
<p>Leander Harding 1989-2005</p><br>
<p>James Wheeler (2007–present)</p><br>
<p>St. Luke&#39;s Chapel is a historic building at 714 Pacific Street in Stamford, Connecticut. The chapel was built in 1891 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St. Lukes Chapel is an Episcopal Church chapel structure that was built in 1891. The chapel was built by members of St. Johns Episcopal Church in Stamford. St. Luke&#39;s chapel includes Late Gothic Revival, Shingle Style, and Romanesque architecture. The 0.9 acre listing included 3 contributing buildings: the church, a social hall known as the Parish House, and a rectory.</p><br>
<h3>List of Historical Places</h3><br>
<p>In 1987, St. Luke&#39;s Chapel was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is listed for its meeting architectural criteria. The property was covered in a Multiple Property Submission study of Downtown Stamford Ecclesiastical Complexes.</p><br>
<h2>Clergy</h2><br>
<p>The Rev. Richard L. Schuster (1987-2009)</p><br>
<h2>Community programs</h2><br>
<h3>Homeless Shelter</h3><br>
<p>The mission at this chapel was renewed in 1982 through the work of a small group of seven laypersons who lived in a form of Christian community found in the Acts of the apostles. During the seven years at the chapel, many of this community lived in the building which served as a temporary housing shelter for person&#39;s displaced from their living spaces. Additional ministries where a summer camp, a food co-op, a clothing exchange and a tutorial program for the neighborhood. The red cross used the larger gymnasium as a temporary emergency shelter for large number of persons displaced by fire (or other natural disasters. Many neighboring churches from many different denominations participated in a dinner held for the residence of the shelter. Additionally, two group homes were started in neighboring apartments, called Gilead house and St Francis house, for the chronically mentally ill. After seven years of service, Rev. Shuster was called to continue the ministry.</p><br>
<p>In 1990, St. Luke&#39;s Chapel provided a homeless shelter for homeless women and children. At that time, the chapel was affiliated with The Coalition for the Homeless in Stamford.</p><br>
<h3>St. Luke's Lifeworks</h3><br>
<p>St. Lukes Lifeworks was created by attendees of St. Lukes Church. Lifeworks was renamed "Inspirica" as a Homeless shelter for families and also provides assistance for individuals suffering with HIV/AIDS. In 2009, Rev. Richard L. Schuster was the executive director until his passing.</p><br>
<p>Lewis Lake is located in the U. S. state of Wyoming in the southern part of Yellowstone National Park, about 4 mi southeast of Shoshone Lake, and approximately 10 mi southwest of Yellowstone Lake. Lewis Lake and Shoshone Lake are both located a few miles northeast of the Pitchstone Plateau.</p><br>
<p>The Lewis River is the lakes primary inflow, draining south from Shoshone Lake. The primary outflow of Lewis Lake is also the Lewis River, continuing south to join the Snake River near the southern boundary of Yellowstone National Park. A few small creeks also feed Lewis Lake. There are several hot springs emptying into the lake on its northwestern shore and two more hot springs at the lakes southern end where it empties into the Lewis River. A campground is located on the lakes southeast shore. Yellowstone National Parks South Entrance Road (which is also numbered as USA Route 287, USA Route 89, and USA Route 191), run along the east side of Lewis Lake.</p><br>
<p>Like the river, Lewis Lake is named for Meriweather Lewis, commander of the Lewis and Clark Expedition</p><br>
<p>The Raft River Mountains are a mountain range in northern Box Elder County, Utah, United States. The mountains are located in Raft River Division of the Minidoka Ranger District of Sawtooth National Forest. The highest point is Bull Mountain near the Dunn Benchmark at 9,925 ft, and the ghost town of Yost is on the north central slopes. Tributaries of the Raft River drain the northern slopes of the range to the Snake River then Columbia River and Pacific Ocean, while the southern slopes drain to the Great Salt Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Located in the Sawtooth National Forest, the range&#39;s montane forest ecoregion is "surrounded by montane steppes and desert". The range is oriented in an east-west orientation, and is a portion of the Great Basin Divide and the Basin and Range Province between the Bonneville Basin of the Great Basin (south).</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The central mass of the range consists of Precambrian metamorphic rocks. The Elba Quartzite with interlayered schist outcrops along the southern slopes of the range and in the Grouse Creek Mountains to the southwest. Cambrian quartzite outcrops in the west part of the range and in the Grouse Creek range and the Goose Creek Mountains to the west. The thinly bedded quartzites have been quarried for building stone in the area.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The range&#39;s plants and animals include pines and rodents of the Northern Basin & Range ecoregion of the Columbia Plateau.</p><br>
<h2>Camping and activities</h2><br>
<p>The range&#39;s Bull Flat trail leads to Bull Flat, Bull Lake, and Bull Mountain, and passes former mines (the trailhead is near a campground).</p><br>
<h2>Peaks</h2><br>
<p>The Warner Lakes are a chain of shallow lakes and marshes in the Warner Valley of eastern Lake County, Oregon, United States. The lakes extend the length of the valley, covering approximately 90,000 acre.</p><br>
<p>The lakes are named in honor of Captain William H. Warner, a topographical engineer who explored Warner Valley before being killed by Indians in 1849. The Warner Lakes and surrounding wetlands support a wide variety of birds and other wildlife. Much of the land surrounding the lakes is owned by the public and is administered by the Bureau of Land Management. These public lands provide recreational opportunities including hunting, fishing, bird watching, and camping.</p><br>
<h2>Warner Valley</h2><br>
<p>The Warner Valley is in south-central Oregon. It is approximately 60 mi long and 8 mi wide. Most of the valley is in Lake County, however the north end of the valley extends about 10 mi into Harney County. It is an alluvial basin containing numerous lakes, remnants of a single great lake that covered the valley floor up to 200 ft deep during the Pleistocene epoch. Today, steep cliffs rise above a chain of endorheic lakes and interconnected wetlands, known collectively as Warner Lakes. The valley has two regions commonly referred to as South Warner Valley and North Warner Valley. The two areas transition between Crump Lake and Hart Lake at a point where the valley narrows to about 5 mi in width.</p><br>
<p>Native Americans used the Warner Valley&#39;s lakes and wetland for thousands of years before the first white explorers arrived. There are scores of petroglyphs near the lake shores, some are estimated to be 12,000 years old. The Greaser Petroglyph Site, in the South Warner Valley, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In December 1843, Captain John C. Fremont led a party through the valley. Fremont and his party spent Christmas Day camped near Hart Lake. In honor of the date, Fremont named it Christmas Valley and the lake Christmas Lake. However, early mapmakers mistakenly plotted Christmas Valley 60 mi northwest of the Warner Valley, leaving the valley and lake unnamed on early maps. In 1849, the valley was explored by Captain William Horace Warner, an Army topographical engineer. On September 26, 1849, Warner was ambushed and killed by Indians just south of the Warner Valley. In 1864, Lieutenant Colonel C. S. Drew of the 1st Oregon Cavalry visited the valley while on a scouting expedition. Drew named the valley in honor of Warner, who he believed had been killed there.</p><br>
<p>In 1867, General George Crook decided to build a fort in the Warner Valley to prevent Indian raiding parties from passing through the area. To get his wagons across the wetlands, he directed a bridge to be built across a narrow, marshy channel between Hart Lake and Crump Lake. Forty soldiers of the 23rd Infantry Regiment under the command of Captain James Henton were assigned the task. The bridge was constructed between May 16, 1867, and July 24, 1867. Known as the Stone Bridge, it was actually a quarter mile long causeway constructed by hauling basalt boulders and smaller rocks from nearby Hart Mountain and dumping them into the marsh. Today, the Stone Bridge across the Warner wetlands still exists. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Lakes and wetlands</h2><br>
<p>At one time, the entire Warner Valley was covered by a single vast lake. However, the water level gradually receded, leaving a chain of lakes at the low spots with marsh land between the lakes. This includes 52,033 acre designated by the Bureau of Land Management as the "Warner Wetlands Area of Critical Environmental Concern".</p><br>
<p>There are numerous lakes in the Warner Lakes chain. Starting at the south end of the valley, the largest of the Warner Lakes are Pelican Lake, Crump Lake, Hart Lake, Anderson Lake, Swamp Lake, Mugwump Lake, Flagstaff Lake, Upper Campbell Lake, Lower Campbell Lake, Stone Corral Lake, Turpin Lake, and Bluejoint Lake. The valley slopes toward the north. As a result, Crump Lake is elevated 123 ft higher than Bluejoint Lake.</p><br>
<p>The Warner Lakes are fed by Twentymile Creek and Deep Creek at the south end and Honey Creek which flows into Hart Lake. Most of the water from Twentymile Creek flows into Greaser Reservoir or into irrigation canals in the South Warner Valley. As field drainage, some of its water eventually merges with Deep Creek and flow into Pelican Lake.</p><br>
<p>Deep Creek flows into Pelican Lake year around, providing much of the lake system&#39;s fresh water. From the north end of Pelican Lake there is a well-defined channel in the form of a deep slough that winds its way through the marsh land to Crump Lake.</p><br>
<p>Crump Lake is named for Thomas Crump, who settled near the lake in the 1890s. It is the largest of the Warner Lakes, approximately 7 mi long and 3 mi wide with a surface area of approximately 7,680 acre at normal water level. It is shallow, maintaining its level by overflowing into Hart Lake through a narrow marshy channel. When the flow from Deep Creek is unusually heavy, Crump Lake can overflow, flooding up to 10,000 acre of surrounding marsh lands.</p><br>
<p>Hart Lake is named for the heart shaped brand used by the pioneer Wilson and Alexander ranch established near the lake. Hart Lake has the most stable water level within the Warner Lakes chain. It not only gets the overflow from Crump Lake, it also received a steady flow of fresh water from Honey Creek. The north end of Hart Lake reaches a depth of around 14 ft at a normal water level. The south half of the lake is comparatively shallow, averaging only about 6 ft in depth.</p><br>
<p>Anderson Lake is just north of Hart Lake. It is named after Thomas A. Anderson, who homesteaded near the lake. The valley drainage flows next into Swamp Lake and then into Mugwump Lake. The level in Mugwamp Lake can vary dramatically between the wet and dry seasons. This led to it being named after the politically independent and unpredictable mugwumps.</p><br>
<p>North of Anderson Lake, there are high sand ridges covered with greasewood between the lakes and marsh drainages, some 50 ft high. These form the shores of Flagstaff Lake, Upper Campbell Lake, Lower Campbell Lake, Turpin Lake, and Stone Corral Lake. The sand ridges generally occur on the lake&#39;s north shore. This indicates that the lake may have been dry for long periods, during which time southwesterly winds could have blown silt from the dry lake beds into dunes which in turn became shoreline when the lakes refilled.</p><br>
<p>Bluejoint Lake is located at the far north end of Warner Lakes chain. It is named after the bluejoint grass common to the area. Bluejoint Lake covers a large area, but is very shallow. It is a pluvial lake that can be completely dry for extended periods of time.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the fresh-water creeks that flow into the Warner Lakes, there are a number of hot springs that drain into them. The hot springs originate in fractures within Miocene and Oligocene basalt layers below the valley floor. Their water temperature can be as hot as 160 &deg;F. Bacterial mats of green algae are common in the hot springs, the algae environments are segregated by temperature and water chemistry. The hot springs introduce minerals that change the water chemistry of the lakes. From late spring through summer the lakes are concentrated by evaporation. This produces moderate to high alkaline content in some areas of the lakes.</p><br>
<p>There is no outlet to the Warner Lakes system, so the water only slides northward while quickly evaporating from the surface of the lakes. The northern lakes are all very shallow, which provides ideal habitats for shore birds. Cranes and other shore birds can often be seen wading far from shore. However, these lakes can dry up during periods of low rainfall.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>There are forty-two mammal species that live in the areas around the Warner Lakes. These include pronghorn, bighorn sheep, elk, mule deer, cougar, bobcat, and coyotes. Smaller mammals include jackrabbits, ground squirrels, chipmunks, skunks, and muskrats.</p><br>
<p>There are 239 species of birds that live in the area or migrate through the Warner Valley. Species that nest in the areas around Crump Lake and Hart Lake include sandhill cranes, American white pelicans, double-crested cormorants, willets, Wilsons phalaropes, gadwalls, northern shovelers, black-crowned night herons, Canada geese, and numerous varieties of ducks and terns. In addition, white-faced ibis, great white egrets, and American avocets are found in the marshes and along the lake shores. At the Warner Wetlands Interpretive Site, administered by the Bureau of Land Management, there are observation blinds where American bitterns, black-necked stilts, cinnamon teal, tundra swans, Brewers blackbirds, western meadowlarks, swallows, and nighthawks are commonly seen.</p><br>
<p>In the riparian areas near the lakes, dusky flycatchers, yellow warblers, orange-crowned warblers, house wrens, and spotted towhees are common in the summer months. The valley around Warner lakes also hosts mountain chickadees, Cassins finches, black-headed grosbeaks, green-tailed towhees, yellow-rumped warblers, MacGillivrays warblers, mountain bluebirds, white-headed woodpeckers, burrowing owls, and flammulated owls. The larger birds common to the Warner Lakes area include great horned owls, long-eared owls, prairie falcons, marsh hawks, golden eagles, and bald eagles.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Much of the Warner Valley is public lands, administered by the Bureau of Land Management. These public lands offer numerous recreational opportunities including hunting, fishing, bird watching, boating, and camping. However, some of these activities are dependent on the water levels of the Warner Lakes, which can fluctuate dramatically. Hart Lake has the most stable water level and is usually available for fishing and boating. Crappie, smallmouth bass, and bullhead catfish are common in the Warner Lakes while trout including Great Basin redband trout are found in Twentymile Creek, Deep Creek, and Honey Creek. There is also a 10 mi canoe trail within the Bureau of Land Managements Warner Wetlands preserve that follows marsh channels from the Campbell lakes through Turpin Lake to Stone Corral Lake when water levels are sufficiently high. It is recommended any visitors contact the Bureau of Land Managements district office in Lakeview, Oregon, for information on the current lake levels before planning canoe trips in the northern lakes. There are no developed campgrounds in the Warner Valley. However, dispersed camping is allowed on land administered by the Bureau of Land Management. There are also public restrooms, sheltered picnic tables, and hiking trails at the Warner Wetlands Interpretive Site at Hart Bar.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Warner Lakes have relatively few visitors because their remote location. Lakeview is the nearest incorporated town. To reach the Warner Lakes from Lakeview, travel north on USA Route 395 for 5 mi, then turn east on Oregon Route 140. This highway crosses the summit of the Warner Mountains, passing the Warner Canyon Ski Area on the way. The road forks 21 mi from Lakeview. The main highway continues east while County Road 3–13 departs to the northeast. Following the main highway for 11 mi leads to Adel in South Warner Valley, near the south end of Pelican Lake. Following County Road 3–13 leads to the North Warner Valley. The pavement ends 13 mi past the junction, at the small unincorporated community of Plush, approximately two miles west of Hart Lake. A gravel road continues north along the Warner Lakes to headquarters of the Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge, 19 mi beyond Plush.</p><br>
<p>Hart Lake is a shallow lake in the Warner Valley of eastern Lake County, Oregon, United States. The lake covers 7,324 acre and has the most stable water level within the valley&#39;s Warner Lakes chain. The lake is named for the heart-shaped brand used by the pioneer Wilson and Alexander cattle ranch established near the lake. Much of the land around Hart Lake is administered by the Bureau of Land Management  and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service . The lake and the surrounding wetlands support a wide variety of birds and other wildlife. Recreational opportunities on and near Hart Lake include hunting, fishing, bird watching, and boating.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>Hart Lake is located in the Warner Valley in south-central Oregon. It is a natural lake that covers 7,324 acre and is approximately 6.5 mi long and 2 mi wide. Annual precipitation in the Hart Lake basin averages from 15 to 25 in. The valley is approximately 60 mi long and 8 mi wide. Most of the valley is in Lake County; however, the north end extends about 10 mi into Harney County. It is an alluvial basin containing numerous lakes, remnants of a single lake that covered the valley floor up to 200 ft deep during the Pleistocene epoch. Today, steep cliffs rise above a chain of endorheic lakes, such as Hart Lake, known collectively as the Warner Lakes. The valley has two regions commonly referred to as the South Warner Valley and the North Warner Valley. The two areas transition between Crump Lake and Hart Lake at a point where the valley narrows to about 5 mi in width.</p><br>
<h3>Hydrology</h3><br>
<p>The entire lake has an average depth of 5 ft and a maximum depth of 11 ft at a normal water level. The deepest part of the lake is at its north end, while the south half is comparatively shallow. Hart Lake not only gets the overflow from Crump Lake, but also receives a steady flow of fresh water from Honey Creek. As a result, Hart Lake has the most stable water level within the Warner Lakes chain. Any outflow during high water drains into Anderson Lake, just north of Hart Lake.</p><br>
<p>The water in Hart Lake is quite murky due to suspended particles stirred up from the shallow bottom by wave action. However, water clarity is not a good indicator of the lakes trophic state. The amount of nutrients in the lake is very high; nitrate and phosphorus levels indicate a hypereutrophic condition. This is counterbalanced by the chlorophyll level and related phytoplankton growth, which are typical of a mesotrophic lake. This is due to the reduced light level in the lakes cloudy waters, so overall, the lake is classified as eutrophic, with very high turbidity.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>In addition to the lake&#39;s fish population, Hart Lake provides a unique habitat for plants and animals along the shore. The west-facing slope of Hart Mountain runs along the eastern shore of the lake. This area is typical high desert scrubland dominated by big sagebrush and desert grasses. The areas to the north, south, and west of the lake are mostly meadows and marshland, where marsh grasses are common along lake shores. In addition, willow, cottonwood, choke cherry, and wild roses are found near the lake. Local wildlife includes common high desert mammals, resident birds, and migrant waterfowl.</p><br>
<p>Hart Lakes native fish species include the Warner sucker, tui chub, and Great Basin redband trout. The redband trout and small populations of the other species are also found in Honey Creek. These stream-dwelling populations have likely been the source for re-colonizing Hart Lake after extended drought killed the lake populations. In addition to the native fish, rainbow trout, crappie, smallmouth bass, and bullhead catfish have been introduced into the lake. These non-native species have put significant pressure on some of the native fish, which is why the Warner sucker is classified as threatened species. A 1996 fish survey estimated the total population of adult Warner suckers resident in Hart Lake at only 493 individuals. To help preserve and restore the lakes threatened fish populations, the Fish and Wildlife Service developed a species recovery plan in 1998.</p><br>
<p>There are 42 mammal species that live in the areas around Hart Lake. Mammals common in the Hart Lake shoreline and marshes include raccoons, striped skunks, and muskrats.</p><br>
<p>There are 264 species of birds that inhabit the area around Hart Lake or stop at the lake during migration.</p><br>
<p>In the meadows and marshes around Hart Lake, dusky flycatchers, yellow warblers, orange-crowned warblers, house wrens, and spotted towhees are common in the summer months. The larger birds common to the Hart Lake area include great horned owls, long-eared owls, turkey vultures, prairie falcons, red-tailed hawks, marsh hawks, golden eagles, and bald eagles.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Native Americans used the Warner Valley&#39;s lakes and wetlands for thousands of years before the first white explorers arrived. The natives made petroglyphs along the eastern shore of Hart Lake, some of which are dated to 12,000 years ago. The Greaser Petroglyph Site, approximately 3 mi southeast of Hart Lake, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In December 1843, Captain John C. Fremont led a party of explorers through the Warner Valley. Fremont and his party spent Christmas Day camped near Hart Lake. In honor of the date, Fremont named it "Christmas Valley" and the lake "Christmas Lake". However, early mapmakers mistakenly plotted Christmas Valley 60 mi northwest of its actual location, leaving the valley and its lakes unnamed on early maps.</p><br>
<p>In 1867, General George Crook decided to build a fort in the Warner Valley to prevent Indian raiding parties from passing through the area. To get his wagons across the wetlands, he had a bridge built across a narrow, marshy channel between Hart Lake and Crump Lake. Known as the Stone Bridge, the structure is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Hart Lake is named for the heart-shaped brand used by the pioneer Wilson and Alexander cattle ranch. The ranch was established in the Warner Valley near Hart Lake prior to 1878 by Henry C. Wilson and his son-in-law C.G. Alexander. Later in the 19th century, much of the private land near Hart Lake was acquired by physician Bernard Daly and became part of his "7T Ranch". By 1916, the 7T Ranch encompassed more than 7,000 acre north and west of Hart Lake.</p><br>
<p>Beginning with the earliest pioneer ranchers, water from Honey Creek was diverted for irrigation. By the 1930s, irrigation canals had significantly reduced the flow of water into Hart Lake. In most years, the diversions did not stop the flow into the lake. However, during periods of drought, the entire flow of fresh water was diverted, visibly lowering the water level in Hart Lake. The canal structures also impeded fish migration between the lake and Honey Creek&#39;s habitat. In 1950, a dike was constructed at the north end of the lake to increase its water holding capacity.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Warner Valley experienced an extended drought, reducing the water in Hart Lake to a dangerously low level. In 1992, the lake dried up completely. Before the lake water had disappeared, the Fish and Wildlife Service captured a number of Warner suckers for temporary relocation. Upon the end of the drought, the fish were reintroduced in the lake. In 1998, the FWS published a recovery plan for threatened fish species in the Warner Lakes system.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Most of the land to the south and east of Hart Lake is privately owned. However, the Bureau of Land Management administers the 52,033 acre Warner Wetlands north of the lake. In addition, the land along the east shore is part of the Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge, which is managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. These public lands offer numerous recreational opportunities such as hunting, fishing, bird watching, boating, and camping. However, some of these activities are dependent on the water levels of the Warner Lakes, which can fluctuate dramatically.</p><br>
<p>Due to Hart Lake&#39;s stable water level, it is usually available for fishing and boating. There are no developed campgrounds near Hart Lake, although dispersed camping is allowed on BLM-administered lands adjacent to the lake. There is a day-use recreation site at the north end of Hart Lake at Hart Bar. There are also public restrooms, sheltered picnic tables, and hiking trails at the Warner Wetlands Interpretive Site, north of Hart Lake.</p><br>
<p>The Greyhound Bus Station at 210 South Court Street in Montgomery, Alabama, was the site of a violent attack on participants in the 1961 Freedom Ride during the Civil Rights Movement. The May 1961 assaults, carried out by a mob of white protesters who confronted the civil rights activists, "shocked the nation and led the Kennedy Administration to side with civil rights protesters for the first time."</p><br>
<p>The property is no longer used as a bus station, but the building was saved from demolition and its facade has been restored. The site was leased by the Alabama Historical Commission and a historical marker was located in front of the building. In 2011, a museum was opened inside the building, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The museum won a national preservation award from the National Trust for Historic Preservation in 2012.</p><br>
<h2>Freedom Ride to Montgomery</h2><br>
<p>The first Freedom Ride left Washington, D.C. on May 4, 1961, and was scheduled to arrive in New Orleans on May 17. The black and white Freedom Riders were trying to compel the USA government to enforce USA Supreme Court decisions outlawing segregated transportation, and wanted to end the discriminatory practice of allocating seating on the buses and bus stations with a preference for whites. Organized by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the plan was to have mixed pairs of riders sit side by side. The first ride consisted of two buses, one from Greyhound and one from Trailways, and the plans included a final leg starting in Atlanta, Georgia, and stopping in the state of Alabama in Anniston, Birmingham, and Montgomery before ending in New Orleans.</p><br>
<h3>Violence in Anniston, Birmingham</h3><br>
<p>In Anniston, a mob of angry whites violently attacked the Greyhound bus and set it on fire; the riders were severely beaten. The Trailways bus arrived an hour later and was boarded in Anniston by Ku Klux Klan members who beat up the Freedom Riders. It was also attacked in Birmingham, and several riders (including James Peck) were beaten in front of the press. Reports of the violence reached US Attorney General Robert Kennedy, who urged restraint on the part of Freedom Riders and sent an assistant, John Seigenthaler, to Birmingham. CORE agreed to halt the Freedom Ride in Birmingham on May 14, with the remaining riders flying to New Orleans.</p><br>
<h3>The Nashville Student Movement continues the Ride</h3><br>
<p>Diane Nash, of the Nashville Student Movement (and a member of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) and others were undeterred, and 21 young students, including John Lewis, took the place of the original riders for a leg of the Freedom Ride to Montgomery (the ultimate destination was Jackson, Mississippi). All but one (Ruby Doris Smith, from Atlanta) were from Nashville, Tennessee, and many from Fisk University. Greyhound had initially refused to allow any of their drivers to drive the bus; after an angry intervention by Robert Kennedy, and with an escort of state troopers provided by Floyd Mann, the Alabama Director of Public Safety, the bus left Birmingham for Montgomery on May 20.</p><br>
<h3>Violence in Montgomery and federal involvement</h3><br>
<p>The riders, who had been left unescorted by the highway police as they reached Montgomery city limits, arrived at the bus station at 10:23 AM and were met by a crowd of violent white protesters, including women and children. Several were injured in the attack, including Robert Kennedys assistant John Seigenthaler, who had followed the bus in his car: attempting to rescue two white female riders, he was hit over the head with a metal pipe and "lay unconscious on the ground for half an hour." Floyd Mann, a "committed segregationist, tough on law and order," stepped in to protect William Barbee, who was to remain paralyzed and died an early death as a result of his beating. Floyd fired his gun in the air, yelling, "Therell be no killing here today. A white attacker raised his bat for a final blow. Mann put his gun to the mans head. One more swing, he said, and youre dead."David Halberstam, The Children (New York: Ballantine, 1999). Quoted in</p><br>
<p>On Sunday, May 21, Martin Luther King, Jr., C.K. Steele, and SCLC officers came to support the Freedom Riders. That evening, they and the riders joined the evening service in Ralph Abernathys First Baptist Church on North Ripley Street while some 3000 angry protesters yelled outside, burning a car and threatening to burn the church. From inside the church, King telephoned Robert Kennedy, who urged the activists to "cool down," a proposal refused first by Diane Nash, and then by James Farmer (on behalf of CORE) and King. Kennedy had sent 500 USA Marshals, headed by United States Deputy Attorney General Byron White. Airborne troops were on standby at Fort Benning, just across the Georgia state line. The Kennedy Administrations decision that it would send US troops to restore order was protested by city and state officials. The marshals, with the help of Floyd Mann and his state troopers, managed to keep the mob at bay; it was finally dispersed with the help of the National Guard at midnight.</p><br>
<p>The Freedom Ride again went on the road, and travelled to Jackson, Mississippi, where the students, which by now included Nashville Student Movement activists Bernard Lafayette, James Bevel, and others, were arrested as they attempted to desegregate the "Black" and "White" waiting rooms in the bus terminal.</p><br>
<p>As a result of the unrest and the nationwide publicity generated by the Freedom Rides, in late May Robert Kennedy was able to successfully petition the Interstate Commerce Commission to adopt stronger regulations and desegregate interstate transportation.</p><br>
<h2>The Greyhound Bus Station</h2><br>
<p>The bus station is significant only in its relationship to the events of the single day of May 20, 1961. It is otherwise an unassuming example of Greyhound bus stations in that time, derived from a standard plan and built for $300,000 starting in 1950. It opened in August 1951. The building had a door labelled "Colored Entrance&quot African Americans entered through it directly into the bus bay, accessing interior of the segregated terminal from the rear.</p><br>
<h2>The Greyhound Bus Station in modern times</h2><br>
<p>The Greyhound station was closed in 1995, and its history is indicated by a historic marker placed there in 1996. The building fell into disrepair, and plans to open a museum were delayed repeatedly, leading to accusations of racial prejudice against the Alabama Historical Commission. The internationally renowned architectural firm Ralph Appelbaum Associates produced a design plan for the building. The site was noted as one of Montgomery&#39;s tourist attractions though the building could not be entered. A series of fifteen panels added in 2008, across the front of the building, illustrates the events of May 1961. In 2009, the services of Cohen Carnaggio Reynolds, architects out of Birmingham, AL, were retained by the Alabama Historical Commission to rehabilitate and refurbish the interior of the bus station into The Freedom Rides Museum.</p><br>
<h2>Freedom Rides Museum</h2><br>
<p>In May 2011, commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the riot at the bus station, a 3,000 ft&sup2; museum was opened in the presence of Jim Zwerg. The building was also listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 16, 2011.</p><br>
<p>The Freedom Rides Museum focuses on the history of the protest and riot, and is open on Fridays and Saturdays.</p><br>
<p>Wellsboro Armory, is a historic National Guard armory located in Wellsboro, Pennsylvania, in Tioga County. It was built in 1932 for the Company I, 103rd Medical Regiment of the Pennsylvania National Guard. The armory consists of a brick building laid out on an "I" plan, with a two-story drill hall sandwiched between a two-story administrative section and two-story garage.</p><br>
<p>The Wellsboro Armory was formerly home to Charlie Company 3/103rd AR before the unit moved to Mansfield, PA to join the ranks with D 3/103rd. Delta was later disbanded. Charlie Company relocated to 1810 Shumway Hill Rd in 2003. The former building still exists but is not used for that purpose anymore. It’s the headquarters for Charlie Company 3/103rd AR. The armory is home to 6(six) full-time personnel including 2(two) recruiters and 4(four) maintenance personnel. It was built in 2004 for the purpose of training unit members. The armory replaced a smaller outdated armory in downtown Mansfield, PA. This information was received from SGT. VANLOON, D.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Wellsboro Historic District, is a national historic district in Wellsboro, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, United States. It includes 531 contributing buildings, three contributing sites, and four contributing objects. It is a 360 acre district that is a mixed use commercial / residential / institutional district. The historic structures date from 1835 to the 1950s and include the Tioga County Court House , Arcadia Theater , First Presbyterian Church , Green Free Library, Penn-Wells Hotel , First Presbyterian Church , St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church , United Methodist Church of Wellsboro , and Wellsboro Diner . Three previously listed properties are also included: the Robinson House, Jesse Robinson House, and Wellsboro Armory.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Newport Historic District is a national historic district in Newport and Oliver Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania, United States. It consists of a large residential neighborhood of primarily vernacular working-class homes, a commercial area, industrial buildings, public buildings, three bridges, and a cemetery. Of the 418 contributing buildings, 361 are residences. Notable commercial buildings include the Graham Hotel , Butz Building , and Centennial Building . The remains of the Jones Warehouse date prior to 1820 and are a part of the David M. Myers Warehouse.</p><br>
<p>In 2004 the Newport Square underwent a revitalization project in which all the overhead power lines were moved underground or rerouted. Updates included historic style street lamps, ornamental trees, brick planters and new flag poles. These changes helped return the square to a more historical appearance.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Places of Note</h2><br>
<p>Bridge in Newport Borough</p><br>
<h2>Historical Residences</h2><br>
<p>15 South Second Street, Newport, PA</p><br>
<p>20 South Second Street, Newport, PA</p><br>
<p>51 South Second Street, Newport, PA</p><br>
<p>119 South Second Street, Newport, PA</p><br>
<p>Casa Fernando Luis Toro  is a historic house in Ponce, Puerto Rico. The house is unique in that it is located in the first upper-class suburban development built in Puerto Rico, La Alhambra.</p><br>
<p>Today, La Alhambra has been designed part of Ponce&#39;s historic district. The house dates to 1927 and was designed by the famed Puerto Rican architect Francisco Porrata Doria. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places since March 5, 1986, as Fernando Luis Toro Casa. It is also known as Casa Chavier. The house was sold by its original owners in the early 1970s to Mr. Jorge Chavier and his wife Ms. Hilda de Lis who still occupied the house in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1927. It was designed by Francisco Porrata Doria, a well-known architect from Ponce. The house is located in the La Alhambra sector of the city, a well-to-do area developed in the early twentieth century. La Alhambra was the first upper-class suburban development in Puerto Rico. Today, La Alhambra has been designated part of the Ponce Historic Zone.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house draws from architectural designs commonly seen in Coral Gables and West Palm Beach, Florida. The house, for example, is located in a large lot, surrounded by presumptious landscaping. The property is one of three adjoining properties that belong to three wealthy brothers. The three residences are connected at their backyards. An elegant front concrete wall serves as a common fence. The most outstanding feature of the interior is the core location of the living room. While most of the floors are wooden, the terrace and the dining room have mosaic-tiled floors. The kitchen, service hall, and pantry have local tiles of various colors and designs.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Toro residence is located in an elegant residential area of Ponce called La Alhambra. This was the first large, upper class suburban expansion developed in Puerto Rico in the early 1900s. Much in the style of Coral Gables and West Palm Beach in Florida, residences were sited on unusually large lots which allowed for elaborate and formal landscaping.</p><br>
<p>The combination of eclectic architectural elements displayed in this house make it one of the better examples of the designs of the locally well-known architect Francisco Porrata Doria. His distinct style was based on the integration of diverse architectural influences such as: Victorian, Georgian, Neo-classic, academic Beaux Arts, Spanish Revival and Catalan modernism (from Catalonia, Spain; land which capital is Barcelona). Architect Porrata Doria is responsible for the design of some of the most important buildings in Ponce, of which the Teatro Fox Delicias and the Banco de Ponce facing the town square, are among his best projects. Significant representations of early 20th century design concepts implemented in Ponce architecture are the Toro residence&#39;s "L" shaped balcony, the use of tile, mosaic, stained glass, and the emphasis placed on the dining room within the organizing scheme.</p><br>
<h2>Physical appearance</h2><br>
<p>Constructed of reinforced concrete, the Toro residence was designed and built in 1927 for Mr. Fernando Luis Toro by architect Francisco Porrata Doria, a locally prominent designer. The residence is one of three properties, with connecting patios, belonging to three brothers. The "U" shaped floor plan exhibits a perpendicular extension towards the East. Most important to the spatial distribution is the centrally located living room. Off this main space, six composite doors with arched transoms of stained glass lead into adjacent interior corridors on both sides. Two doors lead to the balcony. On the North side of this space, is the most ornamented doorway of Georgian decoration which is flanked by a set of doric pilasters crowned by a cornice. The hung ceiling of the living room is detailed in a pentagonal pattern of thin wooden slats. The North doorway leads into the enclosed terrace whose back wall is angled in four sections. At the intersection of these angles, there is a set of double columns. Colored glass provides the space with diffused light. A high-glazed ceramic tile wainscot of elaborate patterns contains the inscription in Arabic: "God is Allah and Muhammad his only prophet."</p><br>
<p>On the South end of the West wing is the formal dining room. The main ornaments of this space are a pair of twin windows with arched transoms of stained glass and four deep ceiling wood beams with ornate brackets supporting them at each end. The remainder of the West wing houses the service and semi-public areas of the house such as: the pantry, a breakfast room, the kitchen, a service patio, and the maid&#39;s quarters (presently an office). The East extension of the plan contains three bedrooms, two bathrooms, a drawing room, and an office space with a private entrance. Even though most of the house has wooden flooring, the dining room and enclosed terrace have extraordinary mosaic floors. The kitchen, service corridor, and pantry have multi-colored cement tile of varying patterns.</p><br>
<p>The exterior, although sober, is elegant. Cast-in-place, bas-relief flower motifs are found on the dining room area exterior facade and general cornice line. Red, curved clay tiles cover the "L" shaped balcony and provide the white facade with color. Ten sets of double columns with a shared capital are located on the "maenianum" style balcony railing and act as supports for the balcony roof. Geometrical-shaped head moldings surround all exterior doors and windows for decorative purposes as well as partial weather protection. To the East of the main house there is a formal garden with a fountain located at its center. Four large classical urns provide focal points at diagonal locations to the fountain, and paved, patterned walkways provide varied pedestrian connections between the spaces. Other structures on the site are a coach house or garage, recently turned into an apartment, a cistern tower, and a storage shed.</p><br>
<p>The Ceraunian Mountains  are a coastal mountain range in Southwestern Albania, within the county of Vlorë. The range rises on the northeastern bank of the Ionian Sea. It extends for approximately 100 km in a southeast-northwest direction near Sarandë along the Albanian Riviera nearby to Orikum. Geologically, the Karaburun Peninsula belongs to the mountain range, forming the eastern Akroceraunian Mountains. The mountains are about 24 km long and about 4-7 km wide.</p><br>
<p>The highest peak is Maja e Çikës with an elevation of 2,044 m. The Llogara Pass (1,027 m) divides the mountains into a western and the Akroceraunian Mountains within the Karaburun Peninsula.</p><br>
<p>The Ceraunian Mountains have been described by ancient writers such as Ptolemy, Strabo and Pausanias. Consequently, their classical Greek name is better known than the modern Albanian one. Julius Caesar first set foot on Llogara Pass and rested his legion at Palasë on the Albanian Riviera during his pursuit of Pompey. The name is derived from Ancient Greek Κεραύνια ὄρη, meaning "thunder-split peaks".</p><br>
<p>The Vela Spila cave, Vela Spila, Big Cave is situated above the town of Vela Luka on the island of Korčula, in Croatia on Pinski Rat hill at an elevation of approximately 130 m. The cave consists of an elliptically shaped cavern that measures 40 m in length, 17 m in height, and is approximately 40 m wide. There are, similar to the Brillenhöhle in Germany, two openings in the roof of the cave which were caused by collapse at an as yet undetermined time.</p><br>
<p>Nikola Ostoic was the first person to describe the cave in modern literature. In 1856, he wrote "Compendio Storico Dell Isola Di Curzola". A local historian, museum commissioner, and collector of antiquities, he visited the cave in 1835. The cave has been mentioned in the Korčula Statute back in the 15th century.</p><br>
<h2>Scientific Research</h2><br>
<p>Scientific research of the cave started in the late 1940s. Marinko Gjivoje took up work at the site in 1949. In 1951, Marinko Gjivoje, Boris Ilakovac and Vinko Foretic started test excavations and the results were allowed the proposal to proceed. Based on these findings, Grga Novak decided to further excavate in order to confirm the caves links with the island of Hvar. The explorations were carried out in September 1951. He published his preliminary results in the Annals of the Yugoslav Academy.</p><br>
<p>Since 1974, fieldwork were undertaken almost annually, initially led by Grga Novak and since 1978 by Bozidar Cecuk. Franko Oreb is a permanent member of the excavation crew and Dinko Radic joined the excavation in 1986.</p><br>
<p>There is an unbroken sequence of sediments from the late Mesolithic to the Neolithic. Radiocarbon dated finds suggest seasonal human presence for hunting and the collection of marine resources from 20,000 years BC. Three child burials were discovered between 1986 and 1998 in the younger Mesolithic layers. Further findings are dated between 13,500 and 12,600 BC.</p><br>
<p>Eneolithic layers account for non-permanent human occupation of the cave, attributed to the Hvar Culture. This period is immediately being followed by a compact layer of the Bronze Age.</p><br>
<p>The archeological finds are on display at the Centre for Culture in Vela Luka. In 2009 National Geographic (Hrvatska) featured an article about Vela Spila.</p><br>
<p>In 1986, remains of two adults where found. Scientific research dated their bodies back to late Neolithic times. The local towns people of Vela Luka called them Baba i Dida, meaning Grandma & Grandpa.</p><br>
<h2>Early ceramic art</h2><br>
<p>Further excavations between 2001 and 2006, produced 36 ceramic artifacts dated to the late Upper Palaeolithic period, about 17,500 to 15,000 years ago. These finds are the only examples of ceramic figurative art in southeastern Europe during the Upper Palaeolithic.</p><br>
<p>Ashtabula is a plantation house at 2725 Old Greenville Highway near Pendleton in Anderson County, South Carolina, USA. It has been also known as the Gibbes-Broyles-Latta-Pelzer House or some combination of one or more of these names. It was named in the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district on March 23, 1972. It is considered a significant example of a Lowcountry style plantation house built for a Charleston family in the Upstate in the early 19th century. It also is part of the Pendleton Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Around 1790, Thomas Lofton built a two-story, brick house at the site. Later, the Gassaway family owned the house, which they operated as a tavern on the stage road from Pendleton to Pickensville and Greenville.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-1820s, Lewis Ladson Gibbes from Charleston built the frame house now known as Ashtabula. His spouse was Maria Drayton of Drayton Hall and a niece of Arthur Middleton. She died in 1826 and he died in 1828 just before the completion of the house. Some of their children lived in the house.</p><br>
<p>It was sold to Dr. Ozey R. Broyles in 1837. Broyles had an interest in agricultural and invented a subsurface plow. In 1845, the plantation set the "world&#39;s record for rice" production of 110 bushels per acre with each bushel weighing 43.75 lb. During this period, the average production in South Carolina was of the order of 40 bushels per acre.</p><br>
<p>In 1851, the plantation was sold to James Latta. He imported some of the first Hereford cattle from England to improve the cattle stock. At the beginning of the Civil War, Robert Adger of Charleston purchased the house for his daughter Clarissa and her husband O. A. Bowen. Clarissa kept a detailed diary of life on the plantation that was published in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Sarah E. Adger, daughter of Robert Adger, and her husband William D. Warner developed a dairy farm managed by a neighbor, J. C. Stribling. They brought the first Jersey cattle into South Carolina.</p><br>
<p>In 1880, Francis J. Pelzer, who built Pelzer Manufacturing Company, purchased the property. It was later owned by a number of South Carolinians. The last private owner was Frederick W. Symmes of Greenville. He owned it from 1940 to 1957.</p><br>
<p>It was then purchased by Mead Paper Company. They gave the house to the Foundation for the Historic Restoration in the Pendleton Area in 1961. The Foundation&#39;s name was changed to the Pendleton Historic Foundation in the 1990s.</p><br>
<p>Ashtabula is now a house museum run by the Pendleton Historic Foundation. The house is furnished with antebellum furniture. It is open Tuesday through Friday and Sunday afternoons from April to October.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is a two-story, nearly square, frame structure that is four bays wide. The house has a hip roof, two interior chimneys, and a widow&#39;s walk at the top. The house has two rooms on each side of a central hallway on each floor. The ceilings are about 12 ft high. The house has piazzas on three sides, supported by square columns. The front door has sidelights and a five-light transom. The windows are six over six light sash windows. The drawing room windows are French windows with panels below that open to the porch.</p><br>
<p>The interior walls are wide, horizontal planks covered with wallpaper. The central staircase has been moved back. Currently, there is a U-shaped staircase with a landing above the back entrance.</p><br>
<p>A passageway connects to the original brick house, which served as the kitchen and servants&#39; quarters. This is the 1790 two-story brick building with a hip roof and central chimney.</p><br>
<p>Nu&#39;ulua, not to be confused with Nu&#39;ulua 200 meters west of Ofu, is an island in Samoa in the Aleipata Islands situated more than 1.3 km from the eastern end of Upolu in Samoa.</p><br>
<p>Nu&#39;ulua has a land area of 25 hectares and is a habitat for locally and regionally endemic birds including the endangered tooth-billed pigeon, (Didunculus strigirostris), also known as Samoan pigeon, and an endemic bat (Pteropus samoensis).</p><br>
<p>Together with Nu&#39;utele, another small island in the Aleipata Islands, the two isles hold the largest seabird colonies in Samoa and identified as highly significant sites for conservation. The conservation project has included efforts to eradicate the presence of Pacific rats (Rattus exulans) which prey on native insects, birds and lizards on the islands.</p><br>
<p>These islets are remnants of eroded volcanic tuff ring.</p><br>
<p>Ownership of both islands rests with customary chiefly titles in the villages of Aleipata on Upolu.</p><br>
<p>The Hoosick Falls Armory is located along Church Street  in the village by that name in New York, United States. It is a red brick building with castellated tower dating to the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>One of many armories in New York designed by state architect Isaac G. Perry, it is one of his earlier armories, more restrained and less imposing than those he built later in his career. It has remained mostly intact since its construction. The military units of the New York National Guard based there, first mustered during the American Civil War, have fought in the 1916 Mexican Border Campaign, in Belgium during World War I, and the Battle of Saipan during World War II. It is closed as a military facility and currently houses the Hoosick Armory Youth Center and Community Coalition, abbreviated as HAYC3, which runs community events and provides studio and office space to small area businesses.</p><br>
<p>In 1995 the armory was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. With the 2009 auction of the 18th Separate Company Armory in Glens Falls, and the purchase and conversion of the Hoosick Falls Armory into a community center, the Gloversville armory is the only one still in military use in the Capital District.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The armory is located on a flat lot roughly a quarter-acre (1,000 m²) at the northeast corner of the Church and Elm Street intersection, southwest of downtown. The neighborhood around the armory has a mix of commercial and residential properties. There are houses on the other side of Church; to the south is a car dealership and Immaculate Conception Church is behind the armory. A chain-link fence is on the south, a parking lot in the rear and the front has a small lawn.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is a large rectangular gable-roofed brick building. The load-bearing walls rest on a rusticated limestone foundation. The two-and-a-half-story west (front) section serves as administrative offices; the two-story, eight-bay rear is the drill shed. All sections of the building have seamed metal roofs.</p><br>
<p>On the front, two towers flank the three-bay facade. The main entrance, located on the northernmost bay of the first story, has a large steel double door with half sidelights topped by a round fanlight with protective iron grille. The other two bays have tripartite round-arched windows. On the second story the windows are similar but paired, and a single group of three windows is in the apex of the gable. At the roofline the cornice is machicolated between a corbeled string course.</p><br>
<p>The two-story southwest tower has narrow windows with stone sills, flared brick lintels and a conical roof. The taller northwest tower has similar windows that get much shorter on the third and attic stories, topped by a crenelated parapet and machicolated cornice.</p><br>
<p>On the north and south facades of the drill shed, brick pilasters separate the windows, given a similar treatment to those on the first story. Two bays have double-doored entrances. The rear facade is blank. Three shed dormer windows pierce the roof on either side.</p><br>
<p>Within the armory some original features remain. In the front hall, these include the oak staircase, lockers and some door trim. The second-floor offices are intact but modern paneling has been installed over the original plaster. The attic has been heavily altered. Some original pressed-metal ceilings remain in the basement, but otherwise it has been completely redone. In the drill shed, the original hardwood floors, brick walls, exposed steel trusses and wainscoted ceiling remain.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A volunteer militia unit had been based in Hoosick Falls since 1835. It fought in the Civil War at both First and Second Bull Run, the Peninsula Campaign, Manassas Gap, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. In 1885 it was organized as the 32nd Separate Company.</p><br>
<p>It moved into the armory, one of 20 in New York known to have been designed by state architect Isaac G. Perry, in 1889. It was one of Perry&#39;s earlier works. Like his later armories it shows the influence of medieval military architecture and the contemporary Richardson Romanesque style, but unlike the later ones it is more restrained and less imposing on its surroundings.</p><br>
<p>In 1892 the unit was called to active duty during the Switchman&#39;s Strike in Buffalo. Six years later, the members volunteered to serve in the Spanish American War and became Company M of the 2nd New York Infantry. They wound up being garrisoned in Florida for the duration of hostilities as transportation to Cuba was not available; while there many became sick with tropical diseases and two succumbed to typhoid fever.</p><br>
<p>The unit next saw action when they were among the 100,000 National Guardsmen federalized in 1916 by President Woodrow Wilson in response to Pancho Villa&#39;s cross-border raids into New Mexico and Arizona. This heightened state of readiness helped them mobilize for World War I the following year. They were combined with a unit from Troy and attached to the 27th Division as Company M of the 105th Infantry. The unit served in Belgium with British troops attacking the Hindenburg Line and sustained heavy casualties. One of them was First Lieutenant William B. Turner, who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions in singlehandedly taking out enemy machine gun placements. The bodies of the dead lay in state in the armory upon their return to Hoosick Falls.</p><br>
<p>In October 1940, the unit, now Company A of the 105th, was mobilized again in anticipation of possible war. Its soldiers did not see combat until 1943, when they accompanied the 165th Infantry at Makin Atoll in the Gilbert Islands. Later they fought alongside the Marines at Saipan and Okinawa. In December 1945, a few months after the war ended, they were restored to state control.</p><br>
<p>The 27th became an armored unit, and the 105th accordingly became the 205th Armored, with the Hoosick Falls unit as Company C. In 1970 the 205th was absorbed into the new 210th Armored. Dwindling membership in the unit and low community use of the building led to the closure of the armory for one year in 1980. It reopened due to the need for community space. In 1993 the 210th was reorganized as the 101st Cavalry (Armor). 101st Cavalry was deactivated in 2006 shortly after the unit returned from deployment to Iraq.</p><br>
